ISLAMABAD HISTORY – GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE ENVIRONMENT
ADMINISTRATION METROPOLITAN, ARCHITECTURE, DEMOGRAPHIC
The current capital and the antiquated Gakhar city of
Rawalpindi stand next to each other and are normally alluded to as the Twin
Cities, where no precise limit exists between the two urban areas. Toward the
upper east of the city lies the slope station of Murree, and toward the north
lies the Haripur District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Kahuta lies on the southeast,
Taxila, Wah Cantt, and Attock District toward the northwest, Gujar Khan, Rawat,
and Mandrah on the southeast, and the city of Rawalpindi toward the south and
southwest. Islamabad is found 120 kilometers SSW of Muzaffarabad, 185
kilometers east of Peshawar, 295 kilometers NNW of Lahore, and 300 kilometers
WSW of Srinagar, capital of the Indian involved territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
The city of Islamabad regions the space of 906 square
kilometers. A further 2,717 square kilometers region is known as the Specified
Area, with the Margala Hills in the north and upper east. The southern piece of
the city is an undulating plain. It is depleted by the Kurang River, on which
the Rawal Dam is found.
Environment of Islamabad
The environment of Islamabad has a sticky subtropical
environment, with five seasons: winter (November–February), spring (March and
April), summer (May and June), blustery rainstorm (July and August) and
pre-winter (September and October). The most blazing month is June, where
normal highs regularly surpass 38 °C. The wettest month is July, with
substantial rainfalls and evening rainstorms with the chance of downpour and
flooding. On 23 July 2001, Islamabad got a record-breaking 620 mm (24 in) of
precipitation in only 10 hours. It was the heaviest precipitation in Islamabad
in the beyond 100 years and the most elevated precipitation in 24 hours as
well.
The coolest month is January. The most elevated month to
month precipitation of 743.3 mm (29.26 in) was recorded during July 1995.
Winters for the most part highlight thick mist in the mornings and radiant
evenings. In the city, temperatures stay gentle, with snowfall over the higher
rises focuses on adjacent slope stations, remarkably Murree and Nathia Gali.
The temperatures range from 13 °C in January to 38 °C in June. The most
noteworthy recorded temperature was 46.6 °C on 23 June 2005 while the least
temperature was −6 °C on 17 January 1967. The city has recorded snowfall.
Civic Administration
The fundamental authoritative power of the city is the
Islamabad Metropolitan Corporation (IMC) with some assistance from Capital Development
Authority (CDA), which regulates the preparation, advancement, development, and
organization of the city. Islamabad Capital Territory is separated into eight
zones: Administrative Zone, Commercial District, Educational Sector, Industrial
Sector, Diplomatic Enclave, Residential Areas, Rural Areas and Green Area.
Islamabad city is separated into five significant zones: Zone I, Zone II, Zone
III, Zone IV, and Zone V. Out of these, Zone IV is the biggest in region. Zone
I comprises principally of the multitude of created private areas while Zone II
comprises of the immature private areas. Each private area is distinguished by
a letter of the letters in order and a number, and covers a space of roughly 2
km × 2 km. The areas are lettered from A to I, and every area is isolated into
four numbered sub-sectors.
Series A, B, and C are as yet immature. The D series has
seven areas (D-11 to D-17), of which just area D-12 is totally evolved. This
series is situated at the foot of Margalla Hills. The E Sectors are named from
E-7 to E-17. Numerous outsiders and political work force are housed in these
areas. In the amended Master Plan of the city, CDA has chosen to foster a
recreation center on the example of Fatima Jinnah Park in area E-14. Areas E-8
and E-9 contain the grounds of Bahria University, Air University, and the
National Defense University.
The F and G series contains the most evolved areas. F series
contains areas F-5 to F-17; a few areas are still immature. F-5 is a
significant area for the product business in Islamabad, as the two programming
innovation parks are situated here. The whole F-9 area is covered with Fatima
Jinnah Park. The Centaurus complex is a significant milestone of the F-8 area.
G areas are numbered G-5 through G-17. Some significant spots remember the
Jinnah Convention Center and Serena Hotel for G-5, the Red Mosque in G-6, and
the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, the biggest clinical complex in the
capital, situated in G-8.
The H areas are numbered H-8 through H-17. The H areas are
generally committed to instructive and wellbeing organizations. Public
University of Sciences and Technology covers a significant piece of area H-12.
The I areas are numbered from I-8 to I-18. Except for I-8, which is a very much
evolved neighborhood, these areas are basically important for the modern zone.
Right now two sub-areas of I-9 and one sub-area of I-10 are utilized as modern
regions. CDA is intending to set up Islamabad Railway Station in Sector I-18
and Industrial City in area I-17. Zone III comprises essentially of the
Margalla Hills and Margalla Hills National Park. Rawal Lake is in this zone.
Zone IV and V comprise of Islamabad Park, and provincial spaces of the city.
The Swaan River streams into the city through Zone V.
Islamabad-Rawalpindi Metropolitan Area
When the ground breaking strategy for Islamabad was drawn up
in 1960, Islamabad and Rawalpindi, alongside the connecting regions, was to be
coordinated to shape an enormous metropolitan region called
Islamabad/Rawalpindi Metropolitan Area. The region would comprise of the
creating Islamabad, the old pioneer cantonment city of Rawalpindi, and Margalla
Hills National Park, including encompassing country areas.
However, Islamabad city is important for the Islamabad
Capital Territory, while Rawalpindi is essential for Rawalpindi District, which
is essential for region of Punjab. At first, it was suggested that the three
regions would be associated by four significant expressways: Murree Highway,
Islamabad Highway, Swaan Highway, and Capital Highway. In any case, to date
just two expressways have been built: Kashmir Highway (the previous Murree
Highway) and Islamabad Highway. Plans of building Margalla Avenue are likewise
in progress. Islamabad is the center point of the multitude of legislative
exercises while Rawalpindi is the focal point of all modern, business, and
military exercises. The two urban communities are viewed as sister urban
communities and are profoundly interdependent.
Architecture in Islamabad
Islamabad's engineering is a mix of advancement and old
Islamic and provincial customs. The Saudi-Pak Tower is an illustration of the
incorporation of current engineering with conventional styles. The beige-shaded
structure is managed with blue tile works in Islamic custom, and is probably
Islamabad's tallest structure. Different instances of interlaced Islamic and
present day engineering incorporate Pakistan Monument and Faisal Mosque. Other
prominent constructions are: Secretariat Complex planned by Gio Ponti, Prime
Minister's secretariat dependent on Mughal engineering and the National
Assembly by Edward Durell Stone.
The wall paintings within the enormous petals of Pakistan
Monument depend on Islamic design. The Shah Faisal Mosque is a combination of
contemporary engineering with a more conventional enormous three-sided petition
corridor and four minarets, planned by Vedat Dalokay, a Turkish designer and
worked with the assistance of financing given by King Faisal of Saudi Arabia.
The design of Faisal Mosque is surprising as it does not have an arch
construction. It is a mix of Arabic, Turkish, and Mughal engineering customs.
The Centaurus is an illustration of current engineering in Islamabad. The seven
star lodging was planned by WS Atkins PLC. The recently constructed Islamabad
Stock Exchange Towers is one more illustration of present day design in the
city.
Demographics of Islamabad History
Islamabad had an expected populace of around 1.67 million out
of 2011 which as indicated by the gauge of Population Census Organization will
ascend to around 2 million out of 2020. The primary language of most of the
populace is Punjabi, at 68% and the significant vernacular is Pothohari. 15% of
the populace are Pashto speakers, 18% communicate in different dialects. The
complete traveler populace of the city is 1 million, with the greater part
(691,977) coming from Punjab. Around 210,614 of the relocated populace came
from Sindh and rest from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Azad Kashmir. More modest
populaces emigrated from Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Balochistan, and
Gilgit–Baltistan.
The greater part of the populace lies in the age gathering of
15–64 years, around 59.38%. Just 2.73% of the populace is over 65 years old;
37.90% is beneath the age of 15. Islamabad has the most noteworthy education
rate in Pakistan, at 88%. 9.8% of the populace has done middle of the road
instruction (identical to levels 11 and 12). 10.26% have a lone ranger or
comparable degree while 5.2% have an expert or identical degree. The workforce
of Islamabad is 185,213 and the joblessness rate is 15.70%.
Islam is the biggest religion in the city, with 95.53% of the
populace Muslim. In country regions this rate is 98.80%. Per 1998 enumeration
in metropolitan regions the level of Muslims is 97.83%. The second biggest
religion is Christianity, with 4.07% of the populace, 0.94% in country regions
and 5.70% in the city. Hinduism represents 0.02% of the populace, and different
minorities 0.03%.
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